This oxygen is involved functionally in the transfer of oxygen from inside the cellular membrane, to the mitochondria for utilization.12 At the onset of exercise, oxygen stored in the O2-myoglobin complex is readily given up to the mitochondria.
First, O2-myoglobin acts as a store within the muscle for oxygen. O2-myoglobin is important for two reasons.
Imuscle for pc full#
These factors include the depletion of stores of ATP, phosphocreatine (PC) and O2-myoglobin, and accumulation of other metabolites such as lactic acid.7,20ĭuring a 30 second sprint, intramuscular ATP stores are only reduced to approximately 70 % of pre-exercise levels, while PC stores are reduced considerably to approximately 20 % of pre-exercise levels.5,20 However, these metabolites stores can be regenerated very quickly, with approximately 70 % of ATP and PC restored within 30 seconds, and full restoration occurring between three to five minutes.18 However, numerous studies have shown that the time to full recovery is increased if blood flow to the muscle is occluded, limiting both blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles.12 This indicates the importance of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the working muscles during recovery of the phosphagen system from exercise. strength and power production) that may also be important to success in their sport.įatigue and Recovery during Single Bouts of Maximal Exerciseĭuring the initial 10 seconds maximal intensity effort, the majority of the energy produced is derived from the ATP-PC system.7,12 As the duration of the maximal intensity exercise exceeds 10 seconds, and for durations lasting up to approximately 90 to 120 seconds, the energy majority of the energy is then derived from the anaerobic glycolytic system.7,12 During single bouts of short-term (<120s) maximal exercise, there are a number of factors which contribute to fatigue and limit the ability of the muscle to exercise at a given intensity level. Therefore, the role of aerobic fitness in recovery and performance of HIIE needs to be evaluated in order to: (1) determine if aerobic fitness does indeed play an important role in recovery and performance during HIIE, (2) establish what minimal levels of aerobic fitness are needed for performance in HIIE sports, and (3) establish training guidelines that would allow the athlete to meet the minimum levels of aerobic fitness needed for their particular sport, while at the same time allowing for the maximization of the development of the anaerobic characteristics (ie.
It has been suggested that development of the aerobic system my increase recovery by aiding in the replenishment of energy stores, and the removal accumulated metabolites during these rest periods.19,27 Many coaches not only believe that a high level of aerobic fitness is necessary for success in HIIE sports,1 but also stress this type of activity during training and testing. As these sports often require repeated bouts of maximal, or near maximal exercise, success may be determined by the ability of the athlete to recover as fully as possible during each rest period. The term ‘high intensity intermittent exercise’ (HIIE) has be used to characterize this type of activity.11 Common sports that involve HIIE include American football, ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, and soccer. The intermittent bursts of exercise are usually interspersed with periods of either passive or active rest, during which the athlete is allowed to recover to some extent. Many of the team sports that are popular in North America today involve repeated short duration bursts of high intensity exercise, each of which usually last less than 30 seconds. The Role of Aerobic Fitness in Recovery and Performance During High Intensity Intermittent Exercise (HIIE): Implications for the Training of Athletes
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